To adjust the sound volume or control the volume in Linux on a desktop system, you can use the following methods:
Use the volume control app: Most desktop environments include a volume control app that allows you to adjust the volume of the system and individual applications. You can usually find the volume control app in the system tray or the notification area of the desktop.
Use keyboard shortcuts: Many desktop environments also include keyboard shortcuts for adjusting the volume. For example, you can use the Volume Up, Volume Down, and Mute keys on your keyboard to adjust the volume. The specific keys and shortcuts may vary depending on your desktop environment and keyboard.
Use the command line: You can also use the command line to adjust the volume in Linux. One way to do this is to use the amixer command. For example, to set the volume to 50%, you can use the following command:
amixer sset Master 50%
You can also use the alsamixer command to adjust the volume using a graphical interface. To start alsamixer, run the following command:
alsamixer
Use the Up and Down arrow keys to adjust the volume, and use the M key to mute and unmute the volume.