To update the root hints data file for a BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain) named server, you can follow these steps:
Download the latest root hints data file from a trusted source, such as the InterNIC website (https://www.internic.net/) or the ISC website (https://www.isc.org/). The root hints data file is typically named named.root or root.hints.
Make a backup copy of the current root hints data file. This is important in case something goes wrong during the update process and you need to restore the original root hints data file.
Replace the current root hints data file with the downloaded root hints data file. The location of the root hints data file depends on your specific BIND configuration, but it is typically located in the /var/named/ or /etc/namedb/ directory.
Restart the BIND named server to apply the changes. You can use the systemctl restart named command on most modern Linux systems to restart the BIND named server.
Test the root hints data file to make sure that it is working correctly. You can use the dig command to perform a DNS lookup for a domain, and use the +trace option to follow the chain of trust to the root DNS servers. If the root hints data file is working correctly, the dig command should be able to reach the root DNS servers and display the correct DNS information.
It is important to note that the root hints data file is used to seed the cache of the BIND named server with the addresses of the root DNS servers. The root hints data file is not used to resolve domain names, but rather to provide the BIND named server with a starting point to begin the process of resolving a domain name.
For more information about the root hints data file and how it is used by the BIND named server, you can consult the BIND documentation or search online for more information.